Dynamic changes in genomic and social structures in third millennium BCE central Europe
Dynamic changes in genomic and social structures in third millennium BCE central Europe
https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/35/eabi6941
Abstract:
Europe’s prehistory oversaw dynamic and complex interactions of diverse societies, hitherto unexplored at detailed regional scales. Studying 271 human genomes dated ~4900 to 1600 BCE from the European heartland, Bohemia, we reveal unprecedented genetic changes and social processes. Major migrations preceded the arrival of “steppe” ancestry, and at ~2800 BCE, three genetically and culturally differentiated groups coexisted. Corded Ware appeared by 2900 BCE, were initially genetically diverse, did not derive all steppe ancestry from known Yamnaya, and assimilated females of diverse backgrounds. Both Corded Ware and Bell Beaker groups underwent dynamic changes, involving sharp reductions and complete replacements of Y-chromosomal diversity at ~2600 and ~2400 BCE, respectively, the latter accompanied by increased Neolithic-like ancestry. The Bronze Age saw new social organization emerge amid a ≥40% population turnover.
"However, aware of the limited resolution of Bohemia_BB_Early (small sample size, low resolution, and large SEs), we explored alternative models for preclassical Únětice individuals. All model fits improve when Latvia_BA is included in the sources, resulting in two additional supported models (table S33). A three-way mixture of Bohemia_BB_Late, Bohemia_CW_Early, and Latvia_BA (P value of 0.086) not only supports a more conservative estimate of 47.7% population replacement but also accounts for the Y-chromosomal diversity found in preclassical Únětice, with R1b-P312 from Bohemia_BB_Late, R1b-U106 and I2 from Bohemia_CW_Early, and R1a-Z645 from Latvia_BA (Fig. 4A).
Although the geographic origin of this new ancestry cannot be precisely located, three observations offer clues. First, the Latvia_BA ancestry that improves all model fits (table S33) suggests an ultimate northeastern origin. Second, Y-haplogroup R1a-Z645 appears in Bohemia (and wider central Europe) for the first time at the beginning of the EBA, a lineage previously fixed in Baltic and common in Scandinavian CW males (23, 24), supporting a north/northeastern genetic contribution. Third, an Únětice genetic outlier (VLI051, male, Y-haplogroup R1a-Z645; table S34) resembles individuals from Bronze Age Latvia (Fig. 2D) (68), providing direct evidence for migrants from the northeast."
VLI051.B0101 Male 232148 455142 U5a1d1 R1a1a1b1a2b
R1a1a1b1a2b - CTS1211
Comments
I find it interesting how many Y DNA shifts there were in 3rd millennium BC. It is demonstrative of patrilineal nature of tribes in Europe back then.
What do you think about such model:
https://postimg.cc/1nfmDdsc
Re: where
Ultimately Balkans and East-Central Europe. But that's Palaeolithic to Mesolithic.
This kind of ancestry survived here:
https://twitter.com/GerberDniel2/status/1400010765445353475
Re: what
IHMO
1. Steppe "Indo-Slavs" move towards Carpathians and mix with GAC.
2. Indo-Iranians bounce off and move NE -> Middle Dnieper -> Fatyanovo.
3. Balto-Slavs interact with Carpathian HG.
4. Balts move NE.
5. Slavs acquire additional Carpathian N.
6. Gradient seen on North Euro PCA between the Baltics and Carpatians forms.
Alternatively we can have a trifurcation where Balts, Slavs and Indo-Iranians split simultaneously. I-Ir move NE, Balts mix with almost pure HG and then move NE and Slavs land in a place where HG are already mixed with neolithics.
pop1 pop2 pop3 pop4 est se z p n
1 Mbuti Belarusian Romania_C_o… Germany_Blatterh… -9.90e-4 3.31e-4 -3.00 0.00274 511125
2 Mbuti Lithuanian Romania_C_o… Germany_Blatterh… -1.02e-3 3.43e-4 -2.97 0.00299 511125
3 Mbuti Ukrainian Romania_C_o… Germany_Blatterh… -6.71e-4 3.27e-4 -2.05 0.0400 511125
4 Mbuti Norwegian Romania_C_o… Germany_Blatterh… -2.63e-4 3.28e-4 -0.801 0.423 511125
5 Mbuti English Romania_C_o… Germany_Blatterh… -1.43e-4 3.24e-4 -0.441 0.659 511125
6 Mbuti French Romania_C_o… Germany_Blatterh… -1.10e-4 3.06e-4 -0.359 0.720 511125
7 Mbuti Basque Romania_C_o… Germany_Blatterh… 1.66e-4 3.25e-4 0.509 0.611 511125
Spiginas2 is something similar to Tollense/Encrusted Pottery etc. + local EHG-rich Latvia_MN. It plots on WE PCA together with Baltic_BA by accident, just like Eneolithic samples from Ukraine.
What's important is that he's older than Baltic_BA and he's closer to Baltic_BA than Spiginas2.
You are one of the few believers in such tales due to too subjective reasons that are inadequate from the point of view of the science.
maybe this sentence convinced you:
"Third, an geneticnětice genetic outlier (VLI051, male,
Y-haplogroup R1a-Z645; table S34) resembles individuals from
Bronze Age Latvia (Fig. 2D) (68), providing direct evidence for
migrants from the northeast. "
or this?
"... a lineage previously fixed in Baltic and common in
Scandinavian CW males. "
Oops Scandinavian ... sounds very Indo-European, almost...next to the Black Sea steppes, just a few days on a donkey from there.
Is the IE theory shifting to Siberia or something?
„Ultimately Balkans and East-Central Europe. But that's Palaeolithic to Mesolithic.”
Do we have any aDNA from Bug-Dniester culture? It is a very interesting Neolithic culture in this region which developed autochthonously from the Mesolithic:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bug%E2%80%93Dniester_culture
David W Anthony in “The horse, the wheel, and language” writes about them:
“The first indigenous North Pontic people to adopt Cris cattle breeding and perhaps also the Cris, word for bull were the people of the Bug-Dniester culture, introduced a few pages ago. They occupied the frontier where the expansion of the Cris farmers came to a halt, apparently blocked by the Bug-Dniester culture itself. The initial contact between farmers and foragers must have been a fascinating event. The Cris immigrants brought herds of cultured animals that wandered up the hillsides among the deer. They introduced sheep, plum orchards, and hot wheat-cakes. Their families lived in the same place all year, year after year; they cut down the trees to
make houses and orchards and gardens; and they spoke a foreign language.
The foragers' language might have been part of the broad language family from which Proto-Indo-European later emerged, although, since the ultimate fate of the Bug-Dniester culture was extinction and assimilation, their dialect probably died with their culture. The Bug-Dniester culture grew out of Mesolithic forager cultures that dwelt in the region since the end of the last Ice Age.
[…]
Even after 5500-5200 BCE, when a new farming culture, the Linear Pottery culture, moved into the East Carpathian piedmont from southern Poland and replaced the Cris culture, the Dniester valley frontier survived. No Linear Pottery sites are known east of the Dniester valley. The Dniester was a cultural frontier, not a natural one. It persisted despite the passage of people and trade goods across it, and through significant cultural changes on each side. Persistent cultural frontiers, particularly at the edges of ancient migration streams, usually are ethnic and linguistic frontiers. The Bug-Dniester people may well have spoken a language belonging to the language family that produced Pre-Proto-Indo-European, while their Cris neighbors spoke a language distantly related to those of Neolithic Greece and Anatolia.”
Videiko 1994 writes:
When Tripolye population appeared to the East of the Carpatians, limited tribes of the Bug-Dniester culture lived there in the river valley and in the steppe region in settlements where Tripolye imported pottery was discovered.
Environmental conditions in the new areas were so favorable for the foraging economy that Tripolye, with its old food producing economy traditions, had some features similar to the Bug-Dniester or Dnieper-Donets cultures’ economic systems.
So Bug-Dniester HGs interacted with Tripolye and probably were assimilated by them, and later maybe by GAC.
So if the drift comes from Bug-Dniester it could be something like this:
https://postimg.cc/0bVcyv0Q
I don't know if we have any aDNA from this culture, but I'm also not aware of any other samples that would support such scenario.
Some Trypillian samples show traces of the "Balto-Slavic drift", but they can't be source of it.
IMHO "Balto-Slavic drift" ultimately comes from another HG group that contributed to Iron Gates and EHG. Swiderians maybe?
And it had to survive somewhere in the mountains, because it resurfaces in almost all of the Bronze Age cultures from the inner Carpathians.
I have little time right now. I want to post not only about the Unetice, but also about the Mokrin and that new Bronze Age Croatian samples.