Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age
Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age
Abstract
Present-day people from England and Wales harbour more ancestry derived from Early European Farmers (EEF) than people of the Early Bronze Age1. To understand this, we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to Late Bronze and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and Western and Central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between 1000 and 875 bc, EEF ancestry increased in southern Britain (England and Wales) but not northern Britain (Scotland) due to incorporation of migrants who arrived at this time and over previous centuries, and who were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from France. These migrants contributed about half the ancestry of Iron Age people of England and Wales, thereby creating a plausible vector for the spread of early Celtic languages into Britain. These patterns are part of a broader trend of EEF ancestry becoming more similar across central and western Europe in the Middle to Late Bronze Age, coincident with archaeological evidence of intensified cultural exchange2–6. There was comparatively less gene flow from continental Europe during the Iron Age, and Britain’s independent genetic trajectory is also reflected in the rise of the allele conferring lactase persistence to ~50% by this time compared to ~7% in central Europe where it rose rapidly in frequency only a millennium later. This suggests that dairy products were used in qualitatively different ways in Britain and in central Europe over this period.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04287-4
Comments
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A high-resolution picture of kinship practices in an Early Neolithic tomb
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04241-4
And about the Slavic genomes in ancient Greece were you serious?
Target: Czech_LN:I16108
Distance: 1.3550% / 0.01355037 | R3P
57.6 Iberia_North_MLN
28.6 DEU_LBK_HBS
13.8 Baltic_EST_BA
Target: Czech_LN:I16108
Distance: 1.2125% / 0.01212507 | R4P
48.0 Iberia_North_MLN
19.8 DEU_Tollense_BA
16.8 DEU_LBK_HBS
15.4 HUN_Tiszapolgar_ECA
Target: Czech_LN:I16108
Distance: 1.1123% / 0.01112336 | R5P
37.4 CHE_LN
36.8 FRA_Mont_Aime_MLN
14.2 HUN_Tiszapolgar_ECA
9.4 Baltic_EST_BA
2.2 RUS_Yana_MA
without Baltic_BA
Target: Hungary_EIA_Prescythian_Mezocsat_o1:I18241
Distance: 3.8195% / 0.03819455
44.6 DEU_LBK
31.2 SRB_Iron_Gates_HG
20.4 RUS_Karelia_HG
3.8 Yamnaya_RUS_Samara
0.0 Baltic_LVA_HG
0.0 Baltic_LVA_MN
0.0 GEO_CHG
0.0 POL_Globular_Amphora
0.0 RUS_Khvalynsk_En
0.0 RUS_Progress_En
0.0 TUR_Alalakh_MLBA
with Baltic_BA
Target: Hungary_EIA_Prescythian_Mezocsat_o1:I18241
Distance: 1.4981% / 0.01498105
44.0 Baltic_EST_BA
29.4 DEU_LBK
22.0 SRB_Iron_Gates_HG
4.6 POL_Globular_Amphora
0.0 Baltic_LVA_HG
0.0 Baltic_LVA_MN
0.0 GEO_CHG
0.0 RUS_Karelia_HG
0.0 RUS_Khvalynsk_En
0.0 RUS_Progress_En
0.0 TUR_Alalakh_MLBA
0.0 Yamnaya_RUS_Samara
“And about the Slavic genomes in ancient Greece were you serious?”
If this is confirmed it will be great news for Polish science and literature. It was claimed in the XIX century that there were Slavic influences in Greece. Orphic-Pythagorean religions came from Hyperboreans, i.e. Slavs. A. Mickiewicz, J. Słowacki and many others spoke about it and wrote poems about it.
XIX century Polish scientists and poets believed that Slavs came from India, and this is why in Slavic culture there are so many common element with Vedic culture. They also believed that elements of Slavic religion, which came from India and was similar to Vedic, was passed to Greece and started Orphic-Pythagorean movement. This explains common links between Slavic, Vedic and Orphic religions.
It turns out that XIX century scientists were wrong. After Narasimhan et al. 2019 it is quite clear that Slavs didn’t come from India. They went to India. If Slavic migrations to ancient Greece are confirmed it will explain a lot and a lot of theories will have to be rewritten.
It's hard to tell what was their role - captives, traders, mercenaries? They aren't from the mainland, or not even from the modern day Greece.
I think that the similarities stem mainly from the contacts of Mycenaean Civ and earlier the Proto-Greeks with Carpathian cultures such as O-F (>50% R1a, including Z280 BTW).
They've reshuffled more samples. Maybe they were redated or reassigned to some other culture. Or maybe they split them and the second half will be published elsewhere, who knows.
“It's hard to tell what was their role - captives, traders, mercenaries? They aren't from the mainland, or not even from the modern day Greece.”
Yes, everything is possible. Even religious pilgrimages between Hyberborea and Greece were not uncommon. Herodotus tells the story about the Hyperborean Maidens who arrived at Delos with an escort of five men, but none of them returned and they were buried in Delos.
There were Hyperborean physicians and philosophers traveling around Greece as Abaris for example.
When Heraclitus of Ephesus writes “keraunos steers all things” he probably was in contact with some priests or philosophers who used the word keraunos (=perunos according to linguists) for lightning.
Merry Christmas!
This recent La Tene study found M458 kn the Balto-Slavic-like Hungarian La Tene sample and R-L1029 in Czech La Tene that was Germanic-like. I wonder if some East La Tene that entered the Balkans through Bulgaria/Serbia could have carried some M458/L1029.
I13780 is only superficially Germanic-like. He's at least 1/4 "Russian" (and the rest may, or may not be Germanic):
Target: CZE_IA_La_Tene:I13780
Distance: 1.2696% / 0.01269644 | R3P
50.8 Danish
25.4 Russian_Tver
23.8 German
His similarity to Swedes stems from a fact that they have quite a lot of Balto-Slavic admixture (possibly mediated also through some Uralic populations).
IMHO it's possible that some L1029 was present in the South already in the Iron Age, but it'd be of Slavic origin anyway, as every single M458 that we currently have is also undeniably autosomally connected to the modern day Slavic populations.
I do not think that the Balto-Slavic admixture in the Swedes is mediated by the Finns. All Scandinavians have such an admixture, but the British have the most of this admixture.
Swedes have an admixture from a source similar to Balts, Estonians or even Baltic_BA/Gotland.
Brits have little to none of it.
As for the admixture, I was guided by the study of Athanasiadis. The Scandinavians have from a dozen to above twenty percent of the East European admixture, typical of contemporary Poles, in it. The Britons have 33 percent thise admixture.
There's zero possibility that Britons have 33% of "contemporary Polish" admixture. At K=4 these components are likely just different mixes of EHG, CHG, WHG and EEF.
This genetic Bałt M458 from Hungary is interesting. It confirms the origin of the Balto-Slavic drift from the Carpathians.
Your comment was sitting in the spam all the time. I have no idea how this happened, sorry!